same study is that some of these secondary findings are actually false positive results that resulted from uncorrected multiple testing. To guard against false positive from the primary studies causing a false positive in our meta-analysis, we did not rely on the statistical tests highlighted by authors. Instead, we calculated a weighted average of p values of the tests that were performed in a given study. When authors only reported the significance results for a subset of these tests, we assumed that p = 1 for the unreported tests. The fact that we confirmed the previous non-significant results when we applied our meta-analytic technique to the sets of studies included in the previous meta-analyses suggests that statistical bias from primary studies did not unduly affect our results.
