Repeating this process for the remaining assessment waves yields the local effect sizes for smoking quantity and nicotine dependence over time (Table 4). This allows a direct comparison of the two regressors, revealing that at the baseline wave, smoking quantity has a stronger relationship with smoking frequency than does nicotine dependence, while two years later, nicotine dependence has a stronger relationship with smoking frequency than does smoking quantity. These values signify approximately moderate (f 2 ≥ 0.15) to large (f 2 ≥ 0.35) effect sizes according to Cohen’s (1988) guidelines.
