COGA group (Dick et al. 2007b) failed to replicate a moderating effect of environmental stress on the association of this polymorphism with AD. Recently, a German group studying participants in the Mannheim study of children at risk (Laucht et al. 2009), a cohort of individuals being followed from birth into young adulthood, found that, when exposed to high psychosocial adversity, individuals homozygous for the higher expression l allele reported more hazardous drinking than those with an s allele or those without exposure to adversity. Although the effect was confined to males, it was consistent across different types of adversity.
