EC use, and more than a third to increase their motivation to quit. Greater perceived risk was associated with increased motivation to quit both products, and over 20% of respondents reported a quit attempt to reduce risk of harm from COVID-19. A Turkish study found converging results, with higher cessation rate during the pandemic (Kayhan Tetik et al., 2020). On the other hand, about 30% of respondents increased their use and about 15% decreased their motivation to quit (Klemperer et al., 2020). These results are in line with a recent US on-line study, showing a increasing intention to quit (71%), contrasting with an increase in tobacco use (40%) rather than decrease (17%)(Kowitt et al., 2020). An on-line study on google trends (not restricted to a country) found no tendency towards increased interest in quitting smoking (Heerfordt and Heerfordt, 2020). Finally, another online survey among a representative sample of Dutch current smokers showed a dose-response effect of stress (both increasing or decreasing smoking)(Bommele et al., 2020), independently from perceived difficulty of quitting and level of motivation to quit.
