Spit for Science is a longitudinal study of college students enrolled in a large, urban university in the mid-Atlantic, as described previously.17,18 Briefly, incoming students age 18 or older were eligible to complete online phenotypic assessments that covered a range of behavioral and health-related phenotypes, as well as demographic information including self-identified ethnicity. Follow-up assessments were completed in subsequent spring semesters. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools19 hosted at Virginia Commonwealth University. REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) is a secure, web-based application designed to support data capture for research studies, providing 1) an intuitive interface for validated data entry; 2) audit trails for tracking data manipulation and export procedures; 3) automated export procedures for seamless data downloads to common statistical packages; and 4) procedures for importing data from external sources. All students that initiated the survey were first led through a consent process that further explained the study and their participation. Individuals who completed the online survey were also eligible to provide a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sample. The current analyses are based on students
