From the BioMe biobank, the Illumina Global Screening Array was used to genotype the BioMe samples. The SNP-level QC removed SNPs with (1) MAF <0.0001, (2) HWE P value ≤1 × 10−6 and (3) call rate <98%. The individual-level QC removed participants with (1) sample call rate <98% and (2) heterozygosity F coefficient ≥3 s.d. In addition, one individual from each pair of related samples with a genomic relatedness (proportion identity by descent) >0.125 was removed (–rel-cutoff=0.125 in PLINK). Imputation was performed using 1000 Genomes phase 3 data. Each ancestry was confirmed by the genetic PC plot. A final sample size of 4,727 AFR and 9,544 EUR individuals were included for this study.
