correct. Another challenge is the availability and format of data, and the requirement of making human genetic and disease data publicly available within an ethical framework. This limits the resources and types of data we are able to bring into the portal, utilising datasets that have permissions for public dissemination, have been published previously, or providing summary statistics of cohort-level information. Some of the statistical genetic analyses we carry out utilise data sets such as LD matrices that are kept for internal use only, provided to us by the data resource but that contain individual-level data that cannot be shared publicly. Availability of suitable LD matrices for non-European populations is also a limitation preventing application of all analyses across all available data. The data analysis pipelines pose challenges, such as the length of time it takes to run co-localisation (currently a month) due to the amount of data involved, and which we are improving to gain faster response times. The strength of the Open Targets Genetics Portal is that we overcome these challenges for the benefit of our users.