dependence on abstinence are related. Mediation analysis examined the relations of rs1051730 with abstinence in the PLA and NRT PGs at 6MO, and the extent to which this relation was mediated by nicotine dependence measures; we observed significant mediation effects only in the NRT PG at 6MO. The mediation analysis suggests that rs1051730 significantly increases measures of nicotine dependence [18,19,25], that nicotine dependence significantly decreases abstinence likelihood [6], and that there is a mechanism other than nicotine dependence through which rs1051730, in the presence of NRT and at 6MO, increases abstinence.