The absence of rater differences in co-occurrence patterns does not imply that rater’s views are interchangeable. Previous research suggested that, in general, mothers observe more behaviour problems in their children than fathers do [30]. We also see this pattern in the current paper, and consistently observe it across all counties. The differences in assessment between fathers and mothers in the levels of behavioural problems they observe may indicate that they both introduce their rater-specific view on the behaviour of the child [31], or that fathers and mothers interact with their offspring in different contexts.
