that thresholds aiming for strict control of false positives should be determined using permutations. We expect thresholds to become more stringent when larger sample sizes are sequenced, when diverse samples are studied, or when genotyping and imputation is replaced with direct sequencing. After imputation, five independent signals in four previously reported AMD loci25,26,27,28 reached genome-wide significance (Supplementary Table 8). When we examined each of these to define a set of potentially causal variants using a Bayesian Credible set approach29, lists of potentially functional variants were ∼4× larger than in HapMap2-based analysis and 7% larger than in analyses based on phase 1 (Supplementary Table 9). In the ARMS2/HTRA1 locus, the most strongly associated variant was now a structural variant (estimated imputation R2 = 0.89) that previously could not be imputed, consistent with some functional studies30. Deep catalogues of potentially functional variants will help ensure that downstream functional analyses include the true candidate variants, and will aid analyses that integrate complex disease associations with functional genomic elements31.
