a continuum of genetic ancestry measuring the Northern/Southern European cline, with higher proportion of “Northern” ancestry indicating more Ashkenazi origin, and higher proportion “Southern” ancestry indicating more non-Ashkenazi origin (Listman et al., 2010). We analyzed the whole sample (instead of AJ/NAJ separately), including ancestry proportions in regression analyses to ensure that even if there were cultural differences in drinking related to ancestral origins, the association results were not due to genetic admixture. Similar results with and without the ancestry proportions suggest that the ADH gene effects were similar across subpopulations, and support utility of gene association studies in mixed Jewish populations.
