As in ancient societies, marginalization in our days, whether real or perceived, leaves few options, which, if based on behavior dysregulation and problem behavior, are frequently related to aggression directed at self (auto-aggression, including suicide) or the society. The latter variety includes the behaviors of gang organization, whereby a surrogate form of society is created, enabling access to resources and group support (Vanyukov, 2004). Moreover, this quasi-society frequently builds on the structure and relations in the society's tightest unit, the family—both literally (some gangs involve actual multigenerational family participation (Ruble and Turner, 2000)) and figuratively (gangs are often described by their members as families and operate as family systems, with expressions of loyalty and devotion usually reserved for close relatives). While antisocial vis-à-vis the society at large, the behaviors endorsed are prosocial as pertains to the group. Group actions, particularly for resource procurement or defense, bearing the stamp of group approval, are viewed as legitimate (quasi-legal). At the same time, it is exactly the behavior deviation characteristics that led to marginalization in the first place, related to behavior (dys)regulation, that
