the substance use follow-up assessment increased, ORs were larger (t = −4.25, P =.003, adjusted R2 = 28.91). That is, increased rates of alcohol abuse or dependence were observed for youth treated with medication with longer follow-up. When both moderators were in the same model, only the percentage treated remained a significant predictor of between-study variance. The only other significant moderator variable was for nonspecific drug abuse or dependence, in which the proportion of the sample that was male was positively associated with pooled effect size (t = 2.57, P =.05, adjusted R2 = 75.81). Notably, the same study36 removed during the sensitivity analysis appeared to be driving this sex effect. This study included an entirely female sample, whereas all other studies were largely male (74%–100% male). When we reanalyzed the percentage of male participants without the study by Wilens et al,36 sex was no longer associated with effect size (t =−0.02, P =.99).
