(Johnson and Redish, 2007; Schmitzer-Torbert and Redish, 2004a; van der Meer and Redish, 2009), rats were pre-trained to run laps on the task before surgery, and were physically prevented from running in the wrong direction by the experimenter. After being allowed to recover rats were returned to training, and once they were running proficiently with recording equipment, a 21-day recording protocol began. For the first 7 days, maze configurations (the sequence of turns and the rewarded side) were changed, followed by seven repetitions of the seventh configuration, followed again by seven changing configurations. Configurations were not repeated except for the seven repetitions; data from all sessions was pooled for the present analysis. For details, see van der Meer and Redish (2009).