Assessment of spine density in layer II/III pyramidal neurons indicated a significant main effect of treatment on total (F (2, 35) = 4.4, p<0.05), basilar (F (2, 36) = 4.2, p<0.05), and apical (F (2, 35) = 5.4, p <0.01) dendritic spine density (see Figure 5). Ethanol exposure significantly reduced spine density on all dendritic branches (Apical, Basilar and Combined Apical and Basilar) compared to NC and IC groups (Tukey’s HSD, p<0.05).