In loss-of-function experiments, DS-epi1 is not required for CNC cell survival at the neurula and early tailbud stage. However, the reduced cell anchorage of DS-epi1 morphant CNC cells might account for the increased apoptosis in advanced tailbud stage embryos. A positive role of DS-epi1 in the maintenance of CNC cells might be mediated by integrins, which convey survival signals in the CNC (Goh et al., 1997).
