The Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE) is part of the Gene Environment Association Studies initiative (GENEVA) funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute. The sample consists of DSM-IV alcohol dependent cases and non-dependent controls.39 The original SAGE sample included 4 121 unrelated individuals. Of these, 2 223 subjects had data available from the NEO-FFI. We removed 476 subjects due to non-European ancestry, 8 individuals were removed due to missing genotypes, and 139 were removed because their genotyping consent did not include the use of their personality data. This resulted in a final sample size of 1 600. Of these 1 600, 60.1% were women. The mean age of all participants was 39.6 (SD=9), of the men 40.4 (SD=10) and of the women 39.0 (SD=9).
