55], and thyroid hormone [35, 55] signaling pathways. The notch and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) cascades were identified in individual studies using chronic ethanol exposure [30, 53]. In addition, a study focusing on a collection of hundred genes known to be regulated by chronic activation of the mu opioid receptor highlighted corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and cdk5 signaling as being selectively targeted by excessive ethanol consumption in dependent mice, in contrast to moderate drinking or sole physical dependence [26]. Surprisingly, a CRF antagonist reversed some of the transcriptional changes induced by acute ethanol [48].
