Rapid tolerance was determined in ethanol sedation assays as described in the preceding paragraph except that flies were given a first exposure to ethanol (E), allowed to recover for 4 hours in food vials at 25°C/60% relative humidity, and then subjected to a second ethanol exposure (EE) in ethanol sedation assays. The development of rapid tolerance to ethanol was expressed as a ratio between the ST50EE and ST50E as similarly reported (e.g.(Awofala et al., 2011; Berger et al., 2004; Scholz et al., 2005; Scholz et al., 2000)).