CTRP3 has been documented to have a variety of effects on metabolism. The complete overview of in vitro effects is listed in Table 2. Briefly, CTRP3 increases adipokine secretion, attenuates inflammatory signaling, promotes proliferation, increases cellular differentiation, and increases hepatic lipid oxidation (39, 41, 50, 51, 58). Whereas, the in vivo the effects of CTRP3 are less well examined. The summary of all animal experiments and CTRP3 are listed in Table 4. For example, in rodents an acute injection with recombinant CTRP3 protein decreases serum glucose levels for up to 8-hours with no change to insulin levels (51). The chronic transgenic overexpression of CTRP3 had no effect upon glucose levels, which demonstrates the development of a potential compensatory mechanism (51). On the other hand, both transgenic overexpression and daily administration of CTRP3 were effective in attenuating high fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis (50). Conversely, hepatic triglycerides were elevated in high fat-fed CTRP3 knockout mice when compared to high fat-fed wild-type mice (71).Considered together, these data suggest that the metabolic effects of CTRP3 are specific to the liver,
