The within- and between-person effects of stress on craving. Each point is plotted using the person-centered (within-person) and grand-mean centered (between-person) craving variables. Error bars ± SE. Within-Person effects are for days when stress occurrence consistently increased craving for that day (within-person; p’s<.001). Between-person effects indicate individuals that were higher in stress relative to their peers reported higher craving on average (between-person; p’s≤.010).
