The primary sample for this study included 280 treatment-seeking individuals (90 females, 190 males) who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text-revised (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for alcohol dependence (hereafter referred to as AD subjects). A comparison sample of 137 subjects without any past or current alcohol dependence (52 females, 85 males; hereafter referred to as CON subjects) was also investigated. Diagnoses of alcohol dependence were determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID). Treatment-seeking AD subjects were admitted to a 28-day inpatient treatment program run by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD. A subset of the AD subjects (n = 196) were included in a previous investigation of childhood trauma exposure and risk for co-morbid psychiatric disorders (Huang et al., 2012). CON subjects were voluntarily enrolled in non-treatment NIAAA research protocols during the same period of time that the AD subjects were admitted as inpatients. While the CON subjects had no current or past alcohol dependence diagnoses, the sample did include
