findings were replicated in a very large meta-analysis of alcohol consumption of over 30 datasets (UKBibank, 23andMe and other GWAS) across nearly 1.2 million participants of European ancestry (Table 1; Figure 1)[60]. In this study, Liu and colleagues discovered 566 genetic variants in 406 loci associated with multiple stages of alcohol and tobacco use (initiation, cessation, and heaviness), with 150 loci evidencing pleiotropic association[60]. These results provided a very good starting point to evaluate the effects of these loci in model organisms and more precise measures of AUD.
