Persons without POUD comprised the comparison general population “No POUD” group. Of the 487,438 persons without POUD, 670 (0.08%, 95% CI 0.08–0.10) met criteria for HUD. As the goal of analyses was to compare persons with POUD to a general population without any OUD, these 670 persons were excluded from main analyses, but were included in descriptive analyses measuring POUD prevalence over time.