data collection (i.e., the prospective study of adolescents and young adults), we focused on neuropsychological assessments of frontal lobe function, which are undergoing maturation during adolescence and young adulthood. Neuropsychological assessments of frontal executive function, such as planning and problem‐solving abilities (Tower of London Task) and visuospatial working memory (Visual Span Test) from the Colorado Assessment Tests (CATs) 95 were implemented as part of the frontal lobe focused battery of neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessments. These assessments of frontal lobe executive function were repeated during the current wave of data collection (i.e., the Lifespan Study) in the prospective sample as they entered mid‐life (33–41 years old). In the ongoing Lifespan Study, the NIH Toolbox Cognitive battery (NIHT‐CB) 96 has been implemented to comprehensively assesses neurocognitive functions that are essential for effective daily life including, attention, processing speed, language, episodic memory, working memory and basic executive functions (inhibitory and attentional control, unconscious set‐shifting and maintenance aspect of cognitive flexibility). We have also implemented the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery (NIHT‐EB) 97 to assesses negative affect (anger, fear and sadness), psychological well‐being (general life satisfaction, meaning and purpose, and positive affect), social relationships (friendship, loneliness, positive peer interaction, social withdrawal, empathic behavior, peer rejection,
