and diagnosis, elucidation of new therapeutic targets, and improvements in the development of animal disease models. However, although it was an original aim of this strategy, the endophenotype approach may not be most appropriate to robustly enhance our ability to discover new genetic polymorphisms related to disease. In other words, using endophenotypes to link the different levels of understanding (from genes to behavior through biochemistry and cognition) may be more useful than using endophenotypes to make de novo discoveries of new susceptibility genes.