GS samples were genotyped using the Illumina Human OmniExpressExome-8v1.0 Bead Chip and Infinum chemistry and processed using the Illumina Genome Studio Analysis software v2011 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Quality control was performed to remove SNPs with <98% call rate, individuals with a genotyping rate <98% and SNPs with a HWE P-value ⩽1 × 10−6 and a MAF ⩾1%. This left 561 125 SNPs available for analyses. More details on blood collection and DNA extraction are provided elsewhere.25