Participants were assigned to one of two groups: a heavy drinking group meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), or a light/non-drinking control group. Exclusion criteria for both groups were: mental retardation, lifetime DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses other than AD (as defined in the K-S ADS-PL, including major depression, dysthymia, mania, hypomania, cyclothymia, bipolar disorders, schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, brief reactive psychosis, panic disorder, agoraphobia, separation anxiety disorder, avoidant disorder of childhood and adolescence, simple phobia, social phobia, overanxious disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, enuresis, encopresis, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, transient tic disorder, Tourette’s disorder, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, alcohol abuse and dependence, substance abuse and dependence, post-traumatic stress disorder, and adjustment disorders), current use of sedative or psychotropic medication, signs or history of fetal alcohol syndrome or malnutrition, sensory impairment, history of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness exceeding 10 minutes, presence of diseases that may affect the CNS (e.g., meningitis, epilepsy, HIV), less than 6 years of formal education, and lack
