The sample consisted of 50 healthy volunteers (25 males and 25 females) within the age range of 18-25 years. The participants were recruited through advertisements, and the study was conducted at SUNY Downstate Medical Center at Brooklyn, NY, USA. Individuals with hearing or visual impairment, severe medical (e.g., liver diseases, recent surgery, chronic pain conditions that may interfere with the performance of the task), neurological (e.g., dementia, delirium, head injury, degenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases/conditions), psychiatric illnesses (e.g., schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorders, other psychoses) or drug/alcohol dependence were excluded from the study. Subjects who had major childhood behavioral disorders (e.g., ADHD, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and autism) were also excluded from the study. Individuals who had a family history of major psychiatric illnesses and alcohol/substance dependence were also excluded. Those who at the time of the study were on any medication that could affect the central nervous system were not included in this study. The data of those individuals with severe cognitive deficits based on their score on the mini mental state examination (MMSE) [35] were not used for this study. Experimental procedures and ethical guidelines were in accordance with approval from the institutional review board (IRB).
