factor binding sites, etc) using regional imputation with the 1000 Genomes data (June 2010 release); 5) tested the relationship between gene expression profiles from a) trans-iliacal bone biopsies and BMD in 84 unrelated postmenopausal women49 and b) also examined cis- associations between each of the 55 significant BMD SNPs and expression of nearby genes in different tissues including lymphoblastoid cell lines50–52, primary human fibroblasts and osteoblasts53, adipose tissue54, whole blood54 and circulating monocytes55; and finally 6) evaluated the connectivity and relationships between identified loci using the literature-based annotation with Gene Relationships across Implicated Loci (GRAIL19) statistical strategy.