In summary, a rich history of research suggests that a complex matrix of genetic and environmental factors contribute to conduct disorder. As behavior genetic research on conduct disorder expands beyond studies of heritability, the importance of characterizing the probabilistic and interdependent influences of genetic predispositions and environmental risk factors to better understand the mechanisms of risk from genes to behavior is becoming increasingly clear. This enhanced etiological understanding will inform the ultimate goal of developing effective interventions for this socially and personally costly disorder.
