intoxication. In a large COGA dataset26 for which use of other substances was measured, rs12765063 significantly associated with DSM-IV alcohol dependence symptom count (β=0.063, p=0.002), and total symptom count for alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and opiate dependence (β=0.062, p=0.04, Fig. 3d). These observations suggest that CREM genotype broadly influences risk for drug dependence, rather than being specific for opiate abuse, and laid the foundation for our follow-up studies focused on ADHD and addiction vulnerability.
