Several genes implicated in the gene regulatory analysis were also implicated in our integrative GWAS/eQTL/differential expression analyses, including three target genes in astrocytes from regulatory module 2: BTBD3, LRRC4C, and PTBP2 (Extended Data Fig. 9). Because these three genes are (1) differentially expressed in AUD, (2) part of a differentially expressed regulatory module identified in gene regulatory network analysis, (3) cis to a variant associated with gene expression, and (4) associated with drinks per week, they have strong evidence linking them as potential driver genes of alcohol consumption and/or AUD in the caudate.
