Despite these and other limitations, the convergence between the molecular biologic and association data presented here, when added to prior information about the behavioral consequences of altering calcineurin and/or PPP3CA activities, provides a collective strength. Taken together, these findings support careful examination of effects of polygenic PPP3CA variations that might include effects of 5′ haplotypes on levels of expression and 3′ haplotypes on relative expression of different splicing variants on the effects of this interesting gene in brain systems and disorders of memory and, perhaps, memory-related phenomena in addiction.