sequence-based variation in OXTR influenced DNA methylation or CU levels, analyses were limited to four SNPs. In future, it will be necessary to examine additional local (cis) and distant (trans) SNPs to better establish the relationship between genetic variation across the genome and methylation at the OXTR locus. More generally, the inclusion of genetic information may help further elucidate aetiological pathways to CU, for INT− vs. INT+ youth.