enhancer (Table S2). Alternatively, SH3BP5-CAPN7 (block 2) might possibly harbor a second putative causal locus, because the most significant SNP in this region was rs1318937 in SH3BP5 and this SNP could also slightly alter the RNA secondary structures (Table S2). Its minor allele increased risk for alcohol and nicotine co-dependence. However, all risk markers in this region were predicted to most likely lack any phenotypic effect (by Polyphen-2 [Adzhubei et al., 2010]; Table S2), so that the causal loci might not be any one of these risk markers. It is warranted in future studies to identify the causal loci by sequencing the whole SH3BP5-NR2C2 region.