in that even a precisely localized generator inferred from an inverse model is not plausible unless it is consistent with a Laplacian topography (cf. discussions in Tenke et al., 2010). Thus, a Laplacian topography reveals the spatial topography of underlying neuronal current generators, whereas this generator pattern is typically obscured in a surface potential topography. Of crucial importance for any CSD estimate, whether intracranial or scalp, is the need to interpret the observed pattern with regard to the known functional neuroanatomy, a limitation that equally applies to other localization methods (e.g., inverse models).
