idea that the HP may play a role in brain mechanisms underlying anxiety is not new (McNaughton and Gray 2000; Deacon et al 2002), there is now mounting evidence that the ventral HP plays an important role in a brain system associated with fear and/or anxiety (Bannerman, Deacon, et al 2002; Bannerman, Grubb, et al 2002; Kjelstrup et al 2002; McHugh et al 2004).