Qiagen’s Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Spring 2019 release (IPA; QIAGEN Inc., www.qiagenbioinformatics.com/products/ingenuitypathway-analysis) was used to analyze genes that were differentially expressed when treated with ethanol (at FDR < 0.20; using “Base Genes only” as background). Pathways were limited to those with FDR < 0.20 and 5 or more differentially expressed genes. The results for the upstream analysis were limited to those entries with absolute z-score ≥ 1.9.
