For the purpose of the current study, we linked data from the COGA adult interviews and the Prospective Study. We only included adolescents who 1) completed their baseline assessment at enrollment, and their first follow-up assessment (approximately two years after the baseline), 2) were aged between 12 and 17 at their first follow-up assessment, and 3) self-identified as European American (EA) or African American (AA) — the two largest ethnic groups in COGA. This strategy resulted in an analytic sample of 1,282 adolescents from 497 COGA extended families (50.0% female, 69.1% EA). This is a relatively early adolescent sample, as 47.4% of the sample was aged 12 at their baseline assessment (Mage = 12.99, SD = 1.13). Fathers’ age ranged from 28 to 70 (Mage = 44.39, SD = 6.17) and mothers’ age ranged from 27 to 58 (Mage = 41.74, SD = 5.82) at the time of their adolescents’ baseline assessment.
