2009;Jones et al. 2006a; Jones et al. 2004; Zlojutro et al. 2011). This study examines the theta ERO endophenotype recorded at the midline frontal (Fz) electrode in response to targets in a visual oddball paradigm in a family-based genome-wide association study (GWAS). This study also evaluates the scalp topography of associations for theta ERO and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the most significant gene. The advantage of a family-based study design is robustness against population substructure and the availability of the genotypes of both parents, which enables a more correct evaluation of genotype errors. This is the first family-based GWAS of EROs.