Chunk #31 — The search for gene variants related to alcohol sensitivity (See Table 1) — Opioid receptors and dopamine

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A Critical Review of Methods and Results in the Search for Genetic Contributors to Alcohol Sensitivity.

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The dopamine transporter (DAT) gene (chromosome 5q15.3) has a common variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism (rs28363170) with 10-repeat alleles (A10) associated with higher DAT expression in the striatum (i.e., lower synaptic dopamine). The A9 allele produces higher synaptic dopamine. Individuals with the A9 DAT VNTR and the G-allele for the OPRM1 rs1799971 have higher sensitivity with oral and IV alcohol, and lower AUD risks (Anton et al., 2012; Heinz et al., 2000; Ramchandani et al., 2011; Weerts et al., 2017).