The ALSPAC is a population-based longitudinal study that recruited 80–90% of pregnant women living in Avon (the English county with Bristol as main urban center) with expected delivery date between April 1991 and December 1992 (67). Women of white ethnic origin participating in ALSPAC were eligible for the study reported in this article if they had provided a biological sample for DNA extraction, returned a questionnaire at 18–20 weeks’ gestation, and completed the question on pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption. Ethnicity was largely available from self-reported data (N = 7359, 90% of those genotyped). For those with missing self-reports but available genotype data (N = 601, 7%), white or non-white ethnicity was imputed by regressing the offspring's ethnicity as well as genotype of five genetic ancestry-informative markers with established population-specific allelic distributions—rs713598 and rs1726966 in TAS2R38 (68), rs4988235 in MCM6 (69), A44871G in ASPM (70) and rs930557 in MCPH1 (70).
