To reduce alcohol expectancy effects, a double-dummy design was used and each participant ingested two capsules containing placebo and a beverage each laboratory session. Placebo capsules (size 0 gelatin) were filled with lactose powder. Alcohol dose was calculated based on the estimated total body water (TBW) of each participant using the following regression equation for females (Watson et al., 1980): TBW (l)= −2.097 + 0.1069 (height in cm) + 0.2466 (weight in kg). The volume of the beverage was held constant at 350 ml to control for any alcohol expectancy effects. The placebo and active beverage for a given individual were isocaloric (no more than a 10-calorie difference between beverages), using regular or low calorie tonic and juice and dextrose or Equal ® sweetener. The placebo beverage consisted of Canada Dry Tonic ® water and Ocean Spray Cranberry Juice Cocktail ® in a 3:1 ratio. The alcohol beverage consisted of the same mixture, with 100 proof Absolute ® vodka added, as needed. Each beverage was topped with 1 ml of vodka and 1 drop of peppermint oil. Participants had 5
