Future studies are needed to understand the cell biology of 3D neuro-spheroids derived from iPSC and their response to therapeutic applications. The 3D model system is ideal for revealing cell-cell interaction and communication, and it is also important to understand the interaction among different cell types, i.e., neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Intracellular protein trafficking plays an important role in responding to drug treatment, and 3D neuro-spheroid provides an excellent model to reveal subcellular activities in the native 3D configuration. Such studies represent a unique opportunity to dissect the molecular variation in AD subjects and develop clinically useful markers for individualized treatment.
