that both of the psychosocial contexts measured in this study explained a significantly greater portion of the variance in CUD as compared with the PRS (trauma exposure R2: 0.026; frequency of service attendance R2: 0.058). Findings from this study suggest that clinicians should pay particular attention to the possible escalation of cannabis use and misuse in those with genetic susceptibility and a history of trauma exposure. Treatment approaches that are tailored toward both prevention of CUD and ameliorating the burden of prior experienced trauma require continued care and monitoring. Encouragingly, regular engagement in religious services, at least within some communities, is likely to dampen the influence of genetic vulnerability. It is likely that other forms of prosocial engagement perform a similar protective function. Therefore, prevention strategies that encourage such pro-social engagement is warranted in vulnerable populations, such as those exposed to trauma. Though we note that alternative explanations for this study’s findings (e.g., confounding by sex and/or ethnicity, the influence of cannabis use, and problems on religiosity) cannot be ruled out.
