To capture the shared variance represented by the 33 COVID-19-related stress and coping activities items shown in Supplementary Table 1 and to reduce the multiple test burden, each item was entered into an exploratory factor analysis. While models ranging from 7 to 11 factors all provided a good fit to the data (Supplementary Tables 4–6), a 9-factor solution provided the best balance of model fit and interpretability. To obtain factor scores, we subsequently conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) including 9 latent factors indexing COVID-19 related (1) illness and severity, (2) family member illness and death, (3) media consumption, (4) perceived stress, (5) economic hardship, (6) healthy coping activities, (7) relationship quality, (8) social disconnection, and (9) essential worker status. Several of the COVID-19-related factors were correlated (Supplementary Table 2); among the most highly correlated factors were perceived stress with social disconnection (0.51), media consumption (0.34), and economic hardships (0.23). Essential worker status was also highly correlated with COVID illness (0.45).
