with alcohol (Rose et al., 2001). In contrast, association with conduct problems has been reported earlier in adolescence for genes associated with alcohol dependence in adulthood, suggesting the possibility of heterotypic continuity of genetic effects, that is, the same gene influencing different outcomes at different developmental stages (Dick, 2011). Accordingly, we tested for association with the various impulsivity-related measures separately in adolescents and young adults to allow for the possibility that phenotypic associations with GABRA2 may vary across developmental stages.
