that there are no genetic effects operating in bipolar disorder. Thus, our analysis provides evidence that, within our data-set and at the association threshold considered (i.e. λ-corrected P<10–5), the RDC schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type sample is a particularly valuable phenotype for genetic studies. Indeed, the RDC schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type sample had more hits than the sum of the hits in the other three RDC diagnostic sets (P = 0.022).