and “Former” alcohol dependent subjects meeting criteria for alcohol dependence prior to, but not during, the past 12 months. The same approach was taken for drug dependence, with all separate types of drug dependence assessed in both NLAES and NESARC categorized as a single diagnosis of current or former drug dependence. DSM-III-R diagnoses of major depression on a past-year and lifetime basis are available in both NLAES and NESARC and were used as covariates in multivariate analyses.
